The new tax law has gotten a lot of media coverage in New York mostly because of the loss of the State and local tax deduction and the end of the “Obamacare” health insurance individual mandate. Less attention is paid to the significant estate and gift tax changes contained in the law. These provisions may … Read more
Effective January 1, 2018, all private employers (and many public employers) in New York State are required to allow employees to take paid leave in certain circumstances. The law applies to all private employers with at least one (1) employee. Although the paid family leave law only just went into effect this month, employers have … Read more
Internships are widely considered to be beneficial for students, even if they are unpaid. They are supposed to provide practical experience and insight into how the student’s education is applied in a work setting. However, just because a student agrees to an unpaid internship, this does not mean that the employer automatically avoids liability under … Read more
Since March 2000, New York has allowed the use of electronic signatures on electronic records in place of actual signatures. The New York Electronic Signatures and Records Act (ESRA) applies to anyone using or accepting electronic records and signatures in New York State, including persons and entities in the public and private sectors. An electronic … Read more
Medical records may be relevant to litigation in different types of cases, including personal injury, malpractice and contractual disputes involving medical or dental (and other healthcare) providers. However, that does not mean that medical records can be freely disclosed by providers. Medical records contain sensitive and confidential personal information which generally should not be disclosed … Read more
Companies and employees dealing with a possible discrimination claim should be aware of a recent decision by the New York Court of Appeals regarding liability for punitive damages. Often plaintiffs seek punitive damages in an employment discrimination case. However, with respect to claims under the New York City Human Rights Law, it wasn’t clear what … Read more
Generally, the law recognizes parties’ freedom to enter into a contract under the terms of their choosing. Parties can freely determine the terms of their personal and business affairs unless the agreement is illegal. However, one area where New York law steps in to impose limitations on parties’ freedom of contract is with usury laws. … Read more
Typically, officers and employees of corporations or limited liability companies are not personally liable for acts taken in a corporate capacity. However, there are important exceptions. As discussed in a previous post, when a corporate entity fails to follow corporate formalities and its shareholders mingle personal and corporate funds, the shareholders may be personally liable … Read more
In any litigation, information that is relevant or intended to lead to relevant information is discoverable unless it falls within an exception. Relevant information which is privileged such as communications between an attorney-client, physician-patient, and spouses as well as attorney work product are common exceptions to the discovery rule. In the context of insurance coverage … Read more
Most cooperative corporations (“co-ops”) issue House Rules which are generally adopted by the Co-Op Board and must be followed in addition to those obligations set forth in the Proprietary Lease. Co-op owners (or shareholders) are generally provided with a copy of the newly adopted House Rules by the managing agent. Many owners don’t realize that … Read more