New York law requires that certain contracts must be in writing to be enforceable. The law, known as the Statute of Frauds, also has several well-recognized exceptions. In a recent decision, the New York Court of Appeals officially adopted the promissory estoppel exception, but made clear it only applies in limited circumstances. As a result, individuals and businesses that don’t insist on written contracts still take a big risk that they won’t be able to enforce their agreements.
Suing over a trust? How to get into federal court.
Trusts are generally governed by state law and as such, disputes are usually handled in state courts. However, in some situations, suing in federal court may be an option and may have potential benefits to a party.
There are several reasons why a party may want its action adjudicated in federal court:
Latest Discrimination Rules in NY Mean More Risks for Employers
Companies with NY employees need to be aware of two recent legal developments which impose new liability under discrimination rules. There are already an array of different federal, state and local statutes which protect employees (and potential employees) from discrimination on many grounds, including sex, race, disability, and even felony conviction status. These rules impact not only New York based companies, but also out-of-state businesses that require New York employers to follow their employment practices.
Don’t Leave your Heirs with Problems Probating your Will
Typically, probating your will is a straightforward process, but sometimes issues can arise especially when a will was executed years ago and witnesses have died or moved, or the attorney who drafted the will and oversaw its execution did not follow industry “best practices.” These issues could create problems for your chosen executor when he/she seeks to probate the will.
Tax Benefits of Converting a C-Corporation to an S Corporation
Many small companies are set up as Type “C” Corporations (“C Corp”), particularly those which have been in existence for many years. However, C Corps are subject to double taxation, and as a result, businesses may want to consider converting to an S Corporation (“S Corp”) to reap the tax benefits.
Tax treatment of C Corps vs S Corps
C corporations must pay taxes on earnings at the corporate level. In addition, their shareholders are also separately taxed on amounts distributed to them as dividends. Therefore, each dollar earned by a C Corp is taxed twice before it reaches the hands of the corporation’s shareholders.
Tax Benefits of Using Your IRA Distributions to Donate to Charities
Donating to charity your IRA distributions can be an excellent way to both support causes that are meaningful to you and reduce your taxes. Fortunately, a provision of the Internal Revenue Code, which gives donor’s a significant tax benefit, was made permanent at the end of 2015 so individuals can now take advantage of the rules as an integral part of their tax and estate planning.
Buying a Home with All Cash? Additional Disclosure Requirements May Apply
In an effort to combat money laundering, the U.S. Treasury Department requires additional disclosures in certain types of real estate transactions. First passed in March 2016, the disclosure requirements apply to a non-individual (corporation, LLC or partnership) who purchases a residential property for “all cash.” The rules were recently renewed and apply at least through … Read more
Has the government “taken” your property with too many regulations?
Under the Federal (and most state) constitutions, the government cannot “take” private property for public use without just compensation. Historically, this meant physically seizing or intruding upon all or part of your property and is often referred to as “eminent domain”. But takings are not necessarily physical. They can result from government regulations restricting the use of your property. It can be difficult to determine when the regulations go so far that they constitute a taking and require compensation.
Can an “Irrevocable” Trust be Changed?
Under New York law, a trustee can modify an irrevocable trust in certain situations. The process, called “decanting,” permits alteration of a trust by “pouring” the existing (invaded) trust into a new trust. This gives the trustee surprising flexibility to create a new trust that will better accommodate changed circumstances, notwithstanding that the trust is irrevocable.
Risks of Personal Use of a Work Email Address
In our busy lives it’s not uncommon for many employees to send personal emails from their business email account. However, there can be unintended repercussions for both employers and employee in a litigation setting. New York law establishes a variety of “privileges,” which protect parties from being compelled to disclose certain broad categories of communications. Those privileges can be easily lost because of an employer’s email policy, thereby allowing an opposing party to get such emails as evidence.