Michael Giusto, Author at Neufeld O'Leary & Giusto

What merchants need to know about charging cash versus credit card prices

A few years ago, merchants knew not to charge a “surcharge” or extra fee for a customer who paid by credit card instead of fees because most major credit card agreements did not allow it. As a result of antitrust litigation, many credit card agreements no longer prohibit charging additional fees for credit card use. … Read more

Why you need the right choice of law clause in your contract

Most contracts have a choice of law provision which identifies the state law which will apply in actions brought under the agreement. Often this clause isn’t given a lot of attention until there is a dispute. However, the choice of law can have a big impact on how a contract is interpreted and enforced so … Read more

Obtaining Disclosure of Tax Returns in Litigation

Information contained in income tax returns can be relevant to various types of disputes. Therefore, parties may seek to “discover” the other party’s tax returns. However, courts generally do not require the disclosure of tax returns —even when the returns may be relevant—due to their private and confidential nature. Instead, courts apply a strict standard to … Read more

The pros and cons of asserting a “good faith” defense

In certain types of cases, including antitrust and patent matters, “good faith” is a commonly asserted defense. However, claiming “good faith” is not without risk– doing so may force a defendant to reveal attorney-client communications. Companies faced with impending litigation need to consider the advantages and disadvantages of relying on a good faith defense particularly … Read more

Appellate Court finds post-operative treatments fall under Family Medical Leave Act

Evaluating medical conditions for purposes of Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA) claims can be challenging for employers especially as new court decisions continually reinterpret employer obligations. FMLA is a federal statute, which applies to employers with 50 or more employees.

Beware: Considerations for Estates of Decedents who Owned Guns

Leaving a gun to someone in your will can present a number of complications in the administration of your estate. New York law doesn’t allow an executor or beneficiary to simply take possession of a gun when they take over the estate of a gun owner. There are issues pertinent to gun ownership which must be considered in order to avoid complications and potential legal liability in estate planning and estate administration.

Executor responsibilities

Access to Neighbor’s Property for Repairs and Improvements

When properties are close together, it can be difficult to repair or make improvements to your own property without accessing a neighbor’s property. Particularly within New York City, you will often be required to place protective structures on your neighbors’ property in order to get a permit. While the best solution to obtain access is to negotiate directly with your neighbors, what if negotiations fail? How can you still gain entry to the other property?

Can Beneficiaries be Deterred from Making Frivolous Challenges to Your Will?

When an individual wants to disinherit a family member, an “in terrorem” or “no contest” clause in his/her will can be effective. The clause can deter challenges to a will, but it does have its limits and should be used carefully.

Get your contracts in writing: New York court only provides a limited exception to the rule

New York law requires that certain contracts must be in writing to be enforceable. The law, known as the Statute of Frauds, also has several well-recognized exceptions. In a recent decision, the New York Court of Appeals officially adopted the promissory estoppel exception, but made clear it only applies in limited circumstances. As a result, individuals and businesses that don’t insist on written contracts still take a big risk that they won’t be able to enforce their agreements.

Suing over a trust? How to get into federal court.

Trusts are generally governed by state law and as such, disputes are usually handled in state courts. However, in some situations, suing in federal court may be an option and may have potential benefits to a party.

There are several reasons why a party may want its action adjudicated in federal court:

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